Free Expression in the Digital Age 

    The First Amendment is one of the most defining elements of American democracy. From the vision developed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to its modern interpretations, the evolution of free speech has deeply shaped our society. Among the eight theories of free expression, the Marketplace of Ideas resonates with me the most. These principles feel deeply personal and remain highly relevant in today’s digital landscape. As a Cuban American, I recognize that such concepts of free expression are virtually unheard of under the heavy censorship of a communist regime.

The Marketplace of Ideas 

    This concept of a Marketplace of Ideas suggests that the best way to find truth is through open competition between ideas. In today’s world, social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and TikTok act as modern marketplaces of ideas, where opinions and perspectives constantly go against each other.

    In this moment this theory is facing challenges because of the digital age. The current social media algorithms have been designed to maximize engagement which often creates this concept of an echo chamber. These algorithms are reinforcing the users existing beliefs rather than encouraging exposure to diverse viewpoints. 

    While this theory was valid, we have reached a moment in which misinformation is at an all-time high making this idea that truth will naturally emerge from discourse no longer valid.  Despite these flaws in the theory, social media still serves as a powerful forum in which users can promote debate, activism, and public discourse, embodying the spirit of the First Amendment.

 Individual Self-Fulfillment in the Digital World

Another theory that resonates with me is Individual Self-Fulfillment, which argues that free speech is essential to human development and to maintain a personal identity. In a world where digital platforms allow for everyone to have voice, this value is more relevant than ever. 

    Think about content creators on YouTube or grassroots activists using Instagram to promote social change, free expression provides all individuals to share their stories and shape their own identities. This personal engagement in speech promotes a daily sense of empowerment and connection to the broader community that many countries aren't able to have.

A prime example of Individual Self-Fulfillment was the increase in journalism at the hands of everyday people. During the BLM and Palestine protests, natural disasters, or political season, everyday people use their phones to actively document events in real-time. This form of expression not only informs the public but also enables normal citizens to participate in shaping American history. 

Think about being stripped of the ability to freely share these perspectives. Think about the many important stories and history making moments that would remain untold.

The Double-Edged Sword

    While free expression is fundamental in the foundation of America, the internet has many issues that are now being noticed. The government and social media platforms have had many debates over what freedom of expression should look like. They theorize that different things might benefit the platform users to limit misinformation, things like content moderation, censorship, and platform accountability but one must think about the implication it will have on free speech. 

Should social media companies have the authority to regulate hate speech? Who and how will we draw the line between free speech and misinformation? These issues challenge our traditional understanding of the First Amendment, requiring ongoing discussion and reflection. It is our responsibility as users of these social media platforms to ensure the digital marketplace remains open.

Balancing Freedom and Responsibility

The theories are meant to provide us with a framework to understand expression and speech's role in American society and how important it is as members of these online communities. The concept of Marketplace of Ideas is designed to encourage debate and truth-seeking, and Individual Self-Fulfillment highlights the personal importance of expression. 

As technology evolves, we must never let our ideas of free expression evolve because it is an ideal that should always be seen as fundamental belief.  How do we balance free speech with the need for responsible discourse? Should this issue be left to the social media outlets or to The People? Why should we not protect democratic ideals to be protected?

As we navigate these difficult questions, one thing remains clear: the First Amendment continues to be a living, evolving ideal shaping and being shaped by the world around us. Our responsibility as Americans is to engage with it thoughtfully, in order to ensure that freedom of expression serves both the individual and the greater good.